Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Takahiro Akita
Author-Name-First: Takahiro 
Author-Name-Last: Akita
Author-Email: akita@iuj.ac.jp
Author-Workplace-Name: IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan
Title: Educational Expansion and Educational Inequality
Abstract: This study explores the relationship between educational expansion and educational inequality through the use of hypothetical examples. It also examines the relationship empirically based on a Barro and Lee dataset on educational attainment for Asian countries and economies. If individuals without formal education are assigned 0 years of education, the education Gini coefficient is likely to decline monotonically with educational expansion. In contrast, if we assume that they receive some sort of informal education equivalent to a small amount of formal education, then the education Gini coefficient is likely to exhibit an inverted U-shaped pattern. Transforming years of education into human capital using an exponential function could lead to the Gini coefficient of human capital exhibiting an inverted U-shaped pattern with respect to human capital expansion. On the other hand, the standard deviation of education is likely to display an inverted U-shaped pattern, whether individuals without formal education are assigned 0 years of education or not. The Barro and Lee dataset reveals that the standard deviation of education follows an inverted U-shaped pattern, even when individuals without formal education are assigned 0 years of education. In contrast, the education Gini coefficient demonstrates a downward-sloping pattern when individuals without formal education are assigned 0 years of education. However, when assigning one year to individuals without formal education, the education Gini coefficient displays an inverted U-shaped pattern. These empirical observations align with the conclusions drawn from hypothetical examples.
Length: 38 pages
Creation-Date: 2024-03
Number: EMS_2024_02
File-URL: https://www.iuj.ac.jp/workingpapers/index.cfm?File=EMS_2024_02.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
File-Function: First version, 2024
File-Size: 614KB
Keywords: Keywords: educational expansion, educational inequality, education Gini coefficient, inverted U-shaped pattern, human capital inequality, Asian countries and economies
Handle: RePEc:iuj:wpaper:EMS_2024_02